Multiple myeloma is a blood cancer type that develops in plasma cells, often hides in plain sight due to its subtle symptoms. While bone pain, fatigue, and anemia are the more recognized indicators, there are lesser-known signs that individuals should be aware of. An early diagnosis can better the chances of successful management and a better quality of life for those affected by multiple myeloma. Here are some signs that one should seek help immediately.
Frequent infections
Plasma cells play a vital role in the immune system by producing antibodies that help fight infections. In multiple myeloma, the excessive growth of cancerous plasma cells can compromise the immune system’s function, leading to a higher susceptibility to infections. If one seems to fall ill frequently or experience prolonged infections, one should discuss the same with one’s healthcare provider.
Kidney problems
The kidneys are often affected by multiple myeloma due to the excessive production of abnormal proteins. These proteins can clog the tiny tubes in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage. Signs of kidney problems may include swelling, changes in urine color or frequency, or high blood pressure.
Numbness or Lack of coordination
Some patients with multiple myeloma experience symptoms related to the nervous system like weakness, numbness, tingling, or difficulty coordinating movements. These neurological symptoms may arise due to the presence of abnormal proteins affecting nerve function.
Excessive thirst or Frequent need to urinate
Hypercalcemia, a condition characterized by elevated levels of calcium in the blood, can be a lesser-known sign of multiple myeloma. The cancerous cells in bone marrow can release chemicals that trigger the release of calcium from bones into the bloodstream. Symptoms of hypercalcemia may include excessive thirst, frequent urination, constipation, and confusion.
Skin lesions
Some individuals with multiple myeloma develop skin lesions due to accumulated plasma cells beneath the skin’s surface. These lesions can appear as small, red, or purple lumps and may be painful or itchy.
Fatigue and Weakness
While fatigue is a common symptom in many conditions, persistent, unexplained fatigue and weakness should not be overlooked. Multiple myeloma can lead to low red blood cell count or anemia, which can result in fatigue and weakness.
Bone fractures
Bone pain is a well-known symptom of multiple myeloma, but it can progress to the point where bones become weakened and prone to fractures. Spontaneous fractures or fractures caused by minimal trauma can be an alarming sign of advanced multiple myeloma.
Pain in the back bones or ribs
As the cancerous plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow and affect bone density, it can lead to bone pain. This pain is often localized in the back, ribs, or other bony structures in the body. The pain may worsen with movement or pressure on the affected area.
Shortness of breath and Dizziness
Shortness of breath and dizziness can be associated with multiple myeloma, especially when the disease advances. These symptoms may arise due to several factors, including reduced oxygen delivery to tissues, resulting in feelings of breathlessness and dizziness. If one experiences unexplained or severe shortness of breath or dizziness, one is advised to consult a doctor.
